Note [Top-level Defaulting Plan]

We have considered two design choices for where/when to apply defaulting.
   (i) Do it in SimplCheck mode only /whenever/ you try to solve some
       simple constraints, maybe deep inside the context of implications.
       This used to be the case in GHC 7.4.1.
   (ii) Do it in a tight loop at simplifyTop, once all other constraints have
        finished. This is the current story.

Option (i) had many disadvantages:
   a) Firstly, it was deep inside the actual solver.
   b) Secondly, it was dependent on the context (Infer a type signature,
      or Check a type signature, or Interactive) since we did not want
      to always start defaulting when inferring (though there is an exception to
      this, see Note [Default while Inferring]).
   c) It plainly did not work. Consider typecheck/should_compile/DfltProb2.hs:
          f :: Int -> Bool
          f x = const True (\y -> let w :: a -> a
                                      w a = const a (y+1)
                                  in w y)
      We will get an implication constraint (for beta the type of y):
               [untch=beta] forall a. 0 => Num beta
      which we really cannot default /while solving/ the implication, since beta is
      untouchable.

Instead our new defaulting story is to pull defaulting out of the solver loop and
go with option (ii), implemented at SimplifyTop. Namely:
     - First, have a go at solving the residual constraint of the whole
       program
     - Try to approximate it with a simple constraint
     - Figure out derived defaulting equations for that simple constraint
     - Go round the loop again if you did manage to get some equations

Now, that has to do with class defaulting. However there exists type variable /kind/
defaulting. Again this is done at the top-level and the plan is:
     - At the top-level, once you had a go at solving the constraint, do
       figure out /all/ the touchable unification variables of the wanted constraints.
     - Apply defaulting to their kinds

More details in Note [DefaultTyVar].